Pipe organ



Aug. 7, 1928.

L. BUSWELL ET AL PiPE ORGAN ori inal Filed April 19, 1921 4 Sheets-Sheet l N To Rs Zefl/l e 56451145616, Jail/v fh ,5 f/anuna/zd 7}:

BY arrow/vs) WITNESS PIPE ORGAN 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 L. BUSWELL ET AL Original Filed April 19, 1921 Aug. 7, 1928.

Aug. 7, 1928. 1,680,036

L. BUSWELL ETAL 1 PIPE ORGAN Original Filed April 19, 1921 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 .nHI H HH HI H bum mi\ V Patented Aug. 7, 1928 r I i I iumrso Aren't!" :ioirrica.

LESLIE USWELL AND .ionNHAYs HAMMOND; JR.,'oFeLo'ooEsTEn,' MASSACHUSETTS;

SAIDBUSWELL ASsIGNon T SAID HAMMOND. V

v p PIPE ORGAN. Application fi1ed=Apri119,"1 921; Serial No. 462,579. .',1ReneWed1=December2,: 1927.

Some of the objects of the present inven-- notesproduced by the respective pipes in-;a tion are to provide means for producing a predetermined manner. glissando effect in an organ; to provide For simultaneously moving-:the'cylinders means for automatically varying the speak- 13,14 and'15, three racks 16, 17 and 18 are I ing length of an'organ pipe to produce a respectively made fast thereto and inmeshvfio glissando effect; to provide means for simulrespectively with three different SlZGdg pintaneously, and proportionately varying the ions 20, 21 and 22 which are keyed-or otherspeaking-lengths of a plurality of organ wise made fast to a-shaft.23. The relative' pipes toproduce a glissando effect; to pro prpportioning of the pinions 20, 21=and 22 .10 vide means for manually producing a glisis such that when the shaft 23 is rotated the 06 sando effect in an organ; to provide means cylinders orsleeves 13, 14 and will each for producing a glissando effect in an organ be moveda distance to varythe musical synchronously with the playing of the orpitch ofthe notes produced by the respective ganyand to provide other improvements as pipes 10, 11- and 12 proportionately while will hereinafterappear. .still maintaining their n1usicalrelations. '7 I In the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 Thesha'ft 23 is Supported in suitable fixed represents diagrammatically a control sysbearings 24,which in the. present instance tom for pipe organs embodying one form of 4 are carried by a main frame 25. 'Motion is the present invention; Fig. 2 represents a transmitted to the shaft 23 by a pinion 26 sectional elevation of a prime mover emfixed: to the shaft 23 and meshingwwith ,a

ployed with the apparatus shown in Fig. 1; elack-a2T-whichis arranged to be-oper'atedby 3 represents a side elevation of a pora suitable-prime mover 28. j a i 'tion of the bellows control mechanism; Fig. For causing the :ack'27'tobe moved in 4 represents a front elevation of a modified the desired direction, the prime mover 28 is form of the invention for'manual control as here shown as a pressure fluid motor com- 8 applied to the mechanism shown in Fig. 1; prising aycylinder 30, a piston 3Land a pis- 5 represents an elevation similar to Fig. ton rod 32 which is'in direct connection with 4 but with certain of the parts in another the rack 27; The motor 28 is a double acting position: 6 represents a section online type having ports 33 and 34* respectively at 63 of 4; Fig. 7 represents asection opposite ends of thecylin'der-30 which are on line 77 of Fig. 4; Fig. 8 represents'a controlled-by similar mechanism including section on line 88 of Fig. 4; Fig. 9. repreelectrically operated valves 35and36. As seats a plan of the perforated roll control the" valves 35-and 36 are identical in conmech'anism wherein a perforated music roll struction and operation but onewill behere V strip and a separate perforated glissando described in.detaihand only such parts'of '1S11'l'p2116 arranged to be synchronously operthe other referred to as aregnecessary ifor a ated; Fig. 10 represents another form of per complete understanding of, the structure. forated mechanism -wherein a single strip The port 33 isarranged tobe controlled by of material is provided having two sets of the valve mechanism 35, the latter being in control perforations for synchronously prothe form ofv a slide valve 37 arranged to 195 diicing musical notes and glissando effect, move transversely of the port 33 and proand'Fig. 11 shows a face viewof one of the vided with two admissionqpas'sages 40-and supporting members. 8 41. of. different sizes arranged to successive- .Referririg to the drawings, oneform of the {1y establish communication between the port present invention is shown in" Fig. l in con- 33 and-an inlet port42-which communicates .100 nectionwith three organ pipes 10, 11-.and 12 with asupply pipe 43 connected to any suit- .arranged to be blown by any suitable means able sourcepf compressed air 44. a not shown, and each sounding a "musical note The passages 40 and-41 are so arrangedin different. from the other two though bearing .the slide valve 37 as to first bring ,the pasw a definite musical relation thereto. The upsage ofsmaller dimension into register with .105

.per ends. of the pipes 10, 11 and 12 are =rethe ports 33 and 42. The slide valve 37-. is

spectively encircled bycylindrical sleeves 13, also provided; with atpassage 45Jwhich'nor- 14 and 15 which are arranged toslide longi- *mal-ly establishes zcommunication between tudinally with respect to thespipes 10, 11 and the port 33-and an exhaustport 46. Thus,

*5" -12 aml-thereby-vary themusical-pitch-of the .when onevorthe other of the. ports'33 or..34 r

high resistance and a large winding .2 ol

low resistance. One end of the winding is connected to a term nal 53, and'one end of the winding 52 is connected to a terminal '54, whlle the other ends of the respects L windings "and52 are connected to a cmmon terminal 55. For convenience of e pla'nation the corresponding terminals of the solenoid valve 36 are here identified as high resistance terminal 56, low resistance terminal 57 and common terminal 58. In this valve 36, a pipe 60 serves as the air supply pipe and connects with the source 1:41. T 1e valve 37 carries on its lower end an extentact 73 is connect-ed by awconductor 77 sion 61' of any suitable non-magnetic mate- I ie usual player pianos. This sheet 0t rial'havin g a flange portion 62 arranged to abut the solenoid coils, and bearing against a relativel small s ira-l sn'in 63 which is held by and presses against a screw plug 641 threaded lnto the end of a tubular extens1on 65 fixed to the solenoid 50 and coaxial therewith. This extension 65 is provided with a bore 66 to provide a guide is interposed between the plugfi l and the follower 67. H 1

For respectively energizing the solenoid controlled valves 35 and 36, the piston rod;

air will have been drawn out bythe suction 32 hasa laterally extending rigid arm -70,

fast to which is a bar 71 of insulating material.

This bar 71 carries two contactsl'z, and 73 and two strip contacts 74: and 75. The contact 72 is connected by aconductor 76 with the high resistance terminal 56 of the solenoid for valve36- The con' with thehigh resistance terminal 53 of the scle noid' for valve-35. The contact 74 is connected by a conductor 80 with the low resistance" terminal 57 of the solenoid for valve 36, and the contact 7 5 is connected aconductor 81 with the low resistance ter minal 5 10f the solenoid i'or valve- The common return terminals and 58 of the here shown as thirteen in number andidentified respectively by reference characters 86 to 98 inclusive, all of which have sliding contact engagement with the plate 85 to serve as conta'ctors for completing at suitable times and in suitable relation the circuitscontrolled by the contacts 72, 73, 74 and 75. Under normal conditions none of the aforesaid rods 86 to 98 make contact.

For operating the respective rods 86 to 98, bellows 100 to 112 are provided, each. bellows having a spring 113, which. tends to hold its bellows in open position, and

of the said bellows being connected by pipes 114 to a common suction producing means 115. The arrangement is such that each'rod 1S reclprocated by the opening and 'cioslng'cot its bellows. V F or automatically making selection of the aforesaid bellows 100 to 112, there are provided tubes 120 to 132 leadi'n from the res ective bellows to F3 openings 133 to 1 1;) provided in a tracker 1 17 over which a relatively long sheet is arranged to travel at a constant rate by any suitable means, such as that provided 143 is provided with a series of perfo- 150 which are arrangedto follow ed curve.

drawings the cylinders or sleeves the and 15 are shown in a central posi- ,5 and consequence the notes produced by the pipes 10, 11 and 12 will each have i'te pitch and are harn'ioniously reacec. [The operation of the control system takes place the sheet 1418 moves across the tracker bar 147. At first with none of the perforations 150 in register with the tracker bar 1 17, all of the bellows 1.00 to 1 2 inclusive will be collapsed, because the producing means 115, and consequently the contactorrods 80 to 98 will all be held out of contact: with any of the circuit contacts. llow when the sheet 148 has moved sufliciently to bring the first ofthc series of perforations 150 over the tracker bar 1 1-7, air

will enter the opening 139, pass through the tube 120 to the bellows 100, thus breaking the vacuum in that bellows and causing it forations 150 move over the opening 1410,

the bellows 106 will collapse again, returnmg the rod 92 to its imtial position, while air will pass'through the tube 127 to the bellows 10'?- which will open and throw rod 93 to the right to engage the contact 73.

This closes the circuit through the conductor 77, terminal high resistance winding cl. terminal 55, battery 84;, plate 85' and rod 93, thus energizing the solenoid for contact/73 moves off of the rod 93.

: ii'escro a6 villi/e535, so that the slide valve member: 37 is.drawniinagainstthe. action of the spring 63 until the member 61 contacts with'the.

follower. plate 67 v This arrests :the mvementiof the valve 37, .because the current passing. through the high reslstancewlnd- .ing51 is. insuflicicnt to overcomefthe action o'fithe large spring 68. In consequence the .valvemembcr 37 moves the passage 41 into register with the inlet port 42 and port 33 softhat compressed air enters the cylinder 30'above: the piston 31and causes the latter to move towards the other end of the cylin- .dei',..that is, downwardly as shown in Fig.

1. .This is a relatively slow :inovement and carries 70 in the same direction until the As soon as. this occurs the circuit through the solenoid is broken-and the core member 37 returns to its initial position under the action otthe spring 63 and the motion of the piston31 is stopped. The aforesaid downward movement of the piston 31 carries the rack 27 in the same direction thereby rotating the shaft 23 and causing the pinions 20, 21

and 22 to actuate the respective racks 16,

17 -and 18 to shift the cylinders 13, 14 and a certain definite amount, with the result thatthe notes oft-1'16 pipes 10, 11 and 12 are modified a small amount but still remain in harmony.

.As the perforations 15,0 move across the openings 141,142, etc, the various rods 94,

95, etc. will be moved to the right in succession, each contacting inturn with-the conact 73 to close the same circuit and open the .valve 37a small amount and the piston will begnioved downward slowly. If, however,

the perforations 150 should move across the tracker bar 147 to operate the'rods 86 to 98 faster than the piston 31 moves, then the respective rods instead of making'contact with the contact-73 willengage the strip Contact 75, which closes the circuit through the low. resistance winding 52 of the upper solenoid. This causes the valve member37 to be moved downwardly with sufhcient rt rceito notionly compress thespring 63 but also the spring 68 owing to the greater amount of current passing through the solenoid. 'As a resultthe large passage 40' is hroughtinto register with the ports 33 and '42, thus allowing a large amount of compressed air to enter the cylinder 30 to move the piston 31 quickly downward.

If the perforations 150 traverse the paper 1148 in the opposite direction and thereby cross thetracker bar v147 to the left, as seen in Fig. 1', then the rods 86 to 98 will be moved consecutively to the right, upwardly considered. ancl engage either the contact 72 or the strip contact 74, depending upon the rapidity with which the perforations 150 snore over the openings-in the tracker bar 2147. This action will cause' the energization opened and closedloy cover plates-153 to of 1 theslowerisolenoid. controlling the valve 36 inthe sametzmannerias ih'eretofore described, buti'causing' the piston 31. tormove yin the opposite direction,namelyaipward,

at a speed proportioned to'the rateatwh ch Y the perforations 150 cross. the tracker bar 2147. In this way .the bar'71 is caused to follow the motions of the perforations 150and,

14 and 15 ELTG HIOVECl up and :downsa proportional amount, thus "varying the' notes of the pipes 10, 11 and 12 toproduce the glissando effect.

therefore, the. rack 27 and the members 13,

In the form of the invention shown in Figs. 4 to 8 inclusive, the manual control mechanism is shown applied to the tracker bar 147 which is mounted in vertical sup ports. 151 and 152 and has its holes or openings 133' to respectively arranged to be inclusive. These plates'153 to 165'are each provided with a substantially elliptical hole 166through which there passes a bar 167 having a cross section which issubstantially oval, the construction being such that each of the plates 153 to- 165 can-oscillate upon the bar 167 through a small angle. The bar 167 is rotatably mounted in the supports 151 and 152 and is provided with a lug 16$,which rests against a stop 170 when in the position shown in Fig. 4,

and against a stop 171 when in the position shown in Fig. 5. A spring 17 2 is secured t0 thesupport 151' and operates to hold the lug 1681against'the stop 171 at suitable times. A handle 173 is fastto thebar 167 for the purpose of manually turning the bar 167 through a little more than a halt revolution. The plates 153 to 165 inclusiveare respectively held normally closing the tracker bar 1 openings 183 to 145 by means of springs 'in cross-sectionand providedat'one end-with a laterally disposed cam'face:193 havinga rounded end portion arranged toengagethe respective. plates .153 "to 165 i in its path of movement. A pin 194'isfiXe'd to the tube 192 adjacent its otherend and rides in a slot 195 formed in an arm 196-whichis pivoted at 197 to a fixed part198 and terminates in a handle-200. V v i In the operation of this-form of theinvention thearm-196 is operated 'manually-by means orthe handle 200 thereby shifting the tube 192 to the right or left-as desired.

This movement causes thecam 198' to move or openings from one of the plates 153 to 165 to another,

thereby causing the released plate to close its tracker bar opening and the successivelyv is similar to the automa ic construction where "over the tracker .bar. l l? the holes 150 in-the strip of paper 148 pass and operate the pipe cylinders 13, 1 and 15. In the manual operation the pipe cylinders 13, 1e and will follow-the motion of the handle 200 and produce the desired.glissando etlect.

1n the manual operation of. the ins -i1e 1a 6 ei i e i sir oi si w 1: t l nll 173 s n th pos i n 10 n 11 .F 1g. 4: with the lug 108 resting on the stop 170 and the plates 153 to 165 are in poi tion to cover the tracker bar openings. when it is desired to change from the manual opera-- tion to the automatic operation, hie handle 73 is thrown over to bring the lug 163 against the stop 171, where it is held by the spring 172 and the plates 153 to 165, which are turned by the bar 167, assume the position shown in Figs. 5 and 8, thereby leaving the face of the tracker l-l7free for the movement of the perforated paper li t8.

In Fig. 9 of the drawings the p strip 148 for controlling the glissai to effect is shown mounted upon reed rolls 201 and 202 which are ournalled in a suitable framework 203, the roll 202 being arranged to be driven by a rotatable from a source of power. This framework 203'a-lso carries the music roll perforated note sheet 205 by rforated .means of which the organ is played, the said sheet 205 being'mounted upon feeo. rolls 206 and 207. The roll 207 is fast to the driven shaft 204 and the construction is therefore such that the two sheets 148 and 205 are synchronously driven to simultaneously per form their respective functions. sheet 205 passes over the usual tracker board 208, which, in the present construction, has

as an extensionthereof the tracker board 147 for the glissando control strip 1&3. The tracker board. 208 is provided with the customaryopenings 210 to 222 inclusive, the number of such openings corresponding to the number of organ pipes, and those here shown lleing only illustrative as will be understood,

The note sheet 205 is provided with perforations 223 wh1ch register n a predet rmined manner with the tracker board openings in a well known manner. Tubes 224: to 230 inmaterial.

The note elusive lead from the respective openings 210 to 222 to the pneumatic mechanism (not shown.) and from such mechanism pipes 237, 238, 239, etc. are in communication. with the respective organ pipes. Thus the pipes '10, ll and 12 are operated by'the respective pipes 237, 238 and 239 through the initial opening of the tubes 22%225 and 226 under control of the tracker board openings 210, 211 and 212.

a In the modification shown in Fig. 10 a single note sheet 250 is provided having at one side playing perforations and at the 0pposi'te side glissaudo control perforations,

namely 150 and 223 in order to avoid .con-

fusion. 1 Single feed rolls 251 and 252 servc to teed the sheet 250 across the common t1 kcr board 253, one of the rolls being fast a driven shaft 254 ournalled in the frame 255. The operating openings and pipes are the si no as already described and are therefore numbered thesame.

b Thus in the forms shown in Figs. 9 and he strip of perforated material for con ing the glissandoeffect is operated synirouously with the organ playingperfoi l' p, the two strips operating together in a predetermined manner so that the glis- .ando cilect takes place when and where desired. 7 I

While but two of the many forms in which this invention 1S used have been here shown,

it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to any specific construction, but

might be applied in various forms without pipe and means cooperating with said pipe to produce a glissando effect, including a tracker bar and a perforated strip of organ pip'es, and means for simultaneously and proportionately varying the speaking lengths of said pipes to produce a glissando effect, including a plurality of movable cylinders mounted respectively on said pipes.

5. In a musical instrument, a plurality of organ pipes, means for simultaneously and proportionately varying the speaking 4. In a musical instrument, a pluralityof lengths of said pipes to produce a glissando effect, and means for controlling the glis sa-ndo effect in a predetermined manner.

6. In a musical instrument, a pluralityof organ pipes, means for simultaneously varying the speaking lengths of the respective pipes to produce a glissando effect, and means for controlling the glissando effect in a predetermined manner.

7 In a musical instrument, a plurality of organ pipes, means for simultaneously varying the speaking lengths of the respective pipes to produce a glissando effect, and means including an electrically operated -mechanism for controlling the glissando effect ina predetermined manner. 7

8. In a musical instrument, a plurality of organ pipes, means for varying the speaking lengths of the respective pipes to produce a glissando effect, and means including a tracker board mechanism for controlling the glissando effect in a predetermined manner,

9. In a musical instrument, a plurality of organ pipes, means for varying the speaking lengths of the respective pipes to produce a glissando effect, and means including a tracker board and a strip of material perforated in a predetermined manner for controlling the glissand'o effect in a predetermined manner.

10. In a musical instrument, a plurality of organ pipes, means for varying the sounding lengths of the respective pipes to produce a glissando effect, electrically operated means for controlling said varying means, means including a tracker board for actuating said electrically operated means, and a strip of material arranged to control said tracker board means in a predetermined manner,

11. In a musical instrument, a plurality of organ pipes, means for automatlcallysounding sald pipes to produce a tune, and

means operating in conjunction with said sounding means to produce a glissando efiect' with said pipes, each of said means includsounding said pipes to produce a tune, and

means including a plurality of simultaneously movable sleeves mounted respectlvely on said pipes for produclng a gllssando 1 effect.

' 13, In a musical instrument, a plurality of organ pipes, means including a sheet having a plurality of perforations arranged in a predetermined manner for sounding said pipes to produce a tune, and means includinga plurality of movable sleeves mounted respectively, on said pipes for producing a glissando efiect'.

14. In a musical instrument, a plurality of organ pipes, means including a sheet having a plurality of perforations arranged in a predetermined manner for sounding said pipes to produce a tune, and means also including a sheet having a plurality of perforations arranged in a predetermined manner for producing a glissando effect With said pipes. r

15. In a musical instrument, a plurality of organ pipes, means including a sheet having a set of perforations arranged in a predetermined manner for sounding said pipes to produce'a tune, means also including another setof perforations arranged in a predetermined manner for producing a glissando efilect with said pipes, and means for operating said sets of perforations in synchronism." 1 1 Edigned at Gloucester, in the county of Essex, and State of Massachusetts, this 15th day of April, 1921. I JOHN HAYS HAMMOND, J R.

Signed at Gloucester, in the county of Essex, andSt-ate of Massachusetts, this 15th day of April, 1921.

f LESLIE BUSWELL. 

